Economic Benefits of the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic Benefits of the Law - Essay ExampleSound science has not yet provided upstanding evidence to the claims that globose warming is a critical threat (Potthast, & Meisch, 2012). Other scientists have even claimed that global warming has much attention than it deserves (Potthast, & Meisch, 2012). Global warming is likely to take place after hundreds of old age and it is not yet a ticking time bomb as many put it. some new scientists are afraid to go contrary to the global warming alarm just to foster their jobs and the alarmists take advantage of the threat to obtain government funding for more academic research. The government has overly taken advantage of the global warming threat as excuses to increase tax. Moreover, alarmists use the threat to cast huge amounts of donations from charitable organizations by claiming that they aim at saving the world.Additional Policies to Curb Emission of Greenhouse GasesIt is inevitable that the US government employ additional policie s to curb emission of GHGs for they are threats to the environment and public wellness as well. These new polices should regulate the transport industry which is major contributor of carbon dioxide to the air. The government because ought to encourage people to use vehicles that emit less carbon dioxide these vehicles include electric and hydrogen supply cars. The government can achieve this by offering grants to the purchase of such vehicles in addition to providing recharging systems for the innovated vehicles. This way, Americans pass on develop the motivation to buy these vehicles.

Locke and Rousseau on Social Contract Research Paper

Locke and Rousseau on Social Contract - Research Paper ExampleIt is selfish in a way that they did not care for the welfare of other humans. Nevertheless, they were bounded by some natural laws that regulated their behavior. For instance, they were mindful of the direct that they should not hurt each other (Locke 192). They were ought to guard the existence of humans on earth. Significantly, humans cast deemed it necessary and convenient to make a social group (Locke 253). They have actually felt the splendor of belongingness -- that is to become part of a human gathering. They have found it convenient to be able to practice the skills of others to pursue an endeavor. In this sense, humans have learned to become social. They have considered the importance of others to their continued existence. As a consequence, relationships were fakeed. Forms of interactions have developed. Humans have known each other. They demonstrated ways to help others. In other words, mutual understandi ng has developed between them. This was the beginning of man to woman interaction. As cited by Locke, the first order was between man and wife (253). This social inclination began the relation between parents and their children (Locke 253). tell otherwise, the first social institution is the family. Locke specifically referred the family as a conjugal society (253). It is conjugal because the core of man and woman carries with it reciprocal benefits. Mutual assistance and support as well as colloquy of interests are examples of these benefits (Locke 253). These advantages whitethorn have driven humans to form a family. The family therefore is the first form of social group that humans have created. It is the original proof of societys existence. In a family, humans could find security in all aspects. This finding as proposed by John Locke may have contributed to the present understanding of filial relationship. In another case, Locke included the topic on slavery. He emphasized the fact that slaves are not part of civil society (Locke 258). In this context, it can be claimed that to be part of civil society, a particular social group must have emancipation. This freedom encompasses the right to own, use and enjoy a property. This could mean that an individual belonging to a civil society has the corresponding right to exercise his or her civil rights. To note, the right to own a property belongs to the large scope of civil rights. As time goes by, humans have found it necessary to protect and preserve their life, liberty and estate (Locke 259). Locke actually considered the three as forms of property (Ashcraft 412). In such case, they formed a political society. In forming this society, the members of the civil society are to surrender some of their natural powers to the hand of the alliance in which they can ask for protection (Locke 260). This protection is made possible by the establishment of a political structure hence, the creation of the governme nt. This body politic would be the representative of the people as a whole. For this body to be legalized, a majority consent from the community is needed (Laski 16). Locke actually preferred a commonwealth than absolute monarchy. He described the commonwealth as an independent community and not a democracy (Locke 301). For him, a commonwealth has three powers, legislative, executive and federative. These powers are ought to be separated according to Locke. At the end of his treatise, Locke

Propose system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Propose system - Essay ExampleI would ensure that a constitutional democracy is set up consisting of three-tier system of government similar to that of the get together States. However, I shall make some changes in the judicial system that leave behind have to be main(a) and publicly elected by the people to ensure impartiality in the delivery of ser unrighteousnesss. Consequently, in decree to reduce the workload in courts, I would establish two independent courts the constitutional court and the autonomous Court operating independent of each other. In this case, the Constitutional court will only be concerned with cases pertaining to constitutional matters while the Supreme Court will serve as the highest court dealing with appeals independent of constitutional matters.For lawmakers, I would create a Congress house made up of several(prenominal) representatives to serve the interest of everyone from provices. However, I will ensure that the representation is distributed in acc ordance with the population of the provinces. This implies that provinces with a couple of(prenominal) people will have low representation. The population density will be determined development census report, which will be conducted within a span of 10 years, (Bardes, Shelley, and Schmidt, 2008). Like the federal system, the companionship with the majority of congress representatives will establish the government of the day, elect its president, and the vice president.I will in any case make sure that there is a national Council of Religion similar to the U.S. Senate where each religious confederacy is given equal representation as noted by Wood (2002). This will certainly supporter reduce any conflict that may result if the distribution is not equitably allocated. I will also ensure that there is the executive branch that controls the religious council, the power, which I will vest upon the vice president.The political parties will play a major role in ensuring that bills are passed by the Council and

CAMUFLAGED EMOTIONS. STOICISM IN THE MILITARY Essay

CAMUFLAGED EMOTIONS. STOICISM IN THE MILITARY - Essay pillow slip galore(postnominal) writers have discussed ab verboten the threat and terror of war and many writings have been published with war as the main theme. Men have been fighting each other since they began to live in communities. The terror of war still continues Kuwait, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Iraq, Somalia and many other examples could be cited out from different parts of the world. though wars be fought between nations, they are carried out between the military forces that fight like faceless entities. The incessant fighting and the military life had tremendous effects on the soldiers, causing radical changes in them. Many have been commented about apathy. The words of the famous British historian and philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) provides a clear picture of stoicism when he says sick and yet happy, in peril and yet happy, dying and yet happy, in oust and happy, in disgrace and happy. (Russell). It is generally viewed that stoics exhibit happiness and sadness together and it speaks of ones tiresome mentality.The camouflaged emotions always haunt them and they are really suffocated under the forcible working conditions. They are tended to be hard and rough, influenced by these circumstances. Many factors play significant roles in leading soldiers to stoicism. But it is not realizable for one to reach in the assertion that it is the stoicism that turns the soldiers to be rough and coarse. Stoicism sometimes turns out to be favorable with the soldiers when it is regarded with their ability of endurance and loyalty in matters connected with their nations freedom. Generally, soldiers are denied the right to make decisions regarding matters in connection with country instead, those decisions are vested in civil officials like the prexy or congress, who are to an extent failure in handling the matters. Military has always been formed with a fixed frame

The impact and regulation of the Companies Law Act 2006 Essay

The impact and regulation of the Companies Law Act 2006 - Essay Example182). This was almost definitely an aspiration of the Company Law Review Steering Group who stated the home of the Bill to be a simple, efficient and cost effective framework for carrying out business activity (CLRSG Final field of study 2001, App. A). It seems that the main aim was to maintain a balance between assigning much wanted license to companies while at the same time being able to effectively protect their interests. The task of redefining this intertwined web of principles and legal decisions would be no easy feat, however. Indeed, it could be suggested that to provide freedom for companies whilst ensuring their protection is to reconcile factors at the opposite ends of a scale. It has been suggested that flexibility encourages tinkering which increases the complexity facing those setting up and running companies (Alcock 2006, p. 243). This arguably creates the voltage for the need to increase cou rt intervention to ease the complexity and the problems it can cause. With flexibility follows abstract terminology and with abstract language follows the need for deliberation. Could it be that the drafters of the Bill were slightly ambitious in their aspirations?The most forceful changes made by the Companies Act 2006 have been in the area of directors duties. The square away Bill (Company Law Reform Bill 2005) recognised that the case law within this area is random and complicated making it problematic for directors to ascertain take inly what their duties entail. Thus the most pressing issue was acknowledged as the need to shake duties more comprehensible and consistent, thus reducing the occurrences of fraud. The Bill (CLRB 2005, Ch. 3) recognised that the duties are a fundamental basis of company law and thus that there was a need to codify them. It could ne suggested that this is not the exact outcome of the reform. The need to refrain from imposing impractical

International human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inter field human resource management - Essay ExampleAt the same time the HRM should be flexible enough such that the differences in the HRM policies and practices can accommodate the various cultural and bank line settings (Sims, 2007). Marginson and Sisson (1994) have argued that industrial relations are deep rooted in the national system, which obstructs the penetration of transnational practices by Multi National Enterprises (MNEs). The increased pressure of globalization has made the MNEs to standardize their HRM procedures internationally such that the internal consistency is maintained and best practices are percolated to the subsidiaries. This has raised the question of whether the standardized everyplaceture for labor relation framed by the MNEs actually caters to the type of employment. In this context the case excogitate has examined the various workforce characteristics of McDonalds operating in United Kingdom (UK) and Germ some(prenominal). An in detailed abstract about their appraisal, recruitment and characteristics of workforce has been studied. McDonalds Corporation is one of the most renowned companies in the world. It is the debauched food chain, symbolized by a golden arch and has spread its business all over the world. It is accept as a foremost franchising company, with 80% of its eating house operating and owned by the franchisees (McDonalds, 2013 Briscoe, Schuler and Tarique, 2012). Interbrand has positioned McDonalds at the seventh place among the top 100 brands in the world. McDonalds is operating in diametric countries, which signifies that it has to repeat its product and services in such a way that it matches not only the cultural, political and stinting factors of the country but also the HR practices adapted by them. The HR professional at McDonalds, out front opening their operation in any country conduct an extensive research in enact to understand and determine the ways in which the HR activities may be adjusted (A swathappa and Dash, 2007). As pointed by Love (1995) McDonalds is well known across the globe for its standardized level of image and product. McDonalds tends to impose the practices followed in the home country in relation to the trade unions, employee participation and control over the operations of the franchisee. In this context two aspects are studied to analyze the extent to which the standardized betterment of labor relation designed by McDonalds caters to the type of people employed and accommodation of different type of workers by McDonalds, available in the different labor markets. Recruitment and Appraisal Studies suggest that the business organizations in Germany have a lower level of staffing as compared to the organization in UK. The reason was that the restaurant in Germany has more number of full time workers as compared to that of UK. This was due to the introduction of the German embodied agreement that was introduced in the year 1989 for the employees of McDonald s. Recruitment for McDonalds was done through the process of application. Then the applicants had to bear lie detection process. But it was abolished after there were changes in the labor laws of US. McDonalds was also in headlines due to the charges bought by a investigative journalist that if during the interview process the interviewing manager finds that the applicant has any

Stare Decisis and the Principle of Precedent Coursework

Stare Decisis and the Principle of Precedent - Coursework ExampleGur-Arie highlights that though judicial independence was to begin with intended in order to have courts and judges who settle disputes impartially regardless of potential, proffers, and real favors. In addition, the judges are expected to uphold democratic accountability. However, the United States provisions promote the judicatures democratic control on one hand while promoting judicial independence on the other. This is unmistakable in the present procedures for judicial budgeting that leaves the courts and judges under the oversight and slight control from the executive and the legislature. unity best instance is that of executive branch influencing judicial funding levels through its propositions to Congress on monetary policy. Furthermore, the Congress determines the extent of funding for the judicial branch. Conversely, the Legislators utilize their power on funding to reveal the commendation or comment of how the judges manage the courts, and though rare, the legislators use their positions to reveal their approval or disapproval of finalitys by the judiciary. In addition, Congress utilizes other control means to regulate the effects of judicial decision making and the threats of other decisions in the future. In this case, the fact that it is the president who appoints federal judges with the consent and advice of the Senate leaves the judiciary under the influence of political forces as the legislature and the executive seek to achieve their ambitions.

Essay on employability Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On employability - Essay ExampleThe recent world economic downswing and the pace countries will adopt towards recovery will translate to changes in statistics regarding exercising and related practices e.g. selection and recruitment. This paper will discuss employability in light of my career direction and how this is in alignment with the trustworthy labour market. Career plans after graduation Employability is a huge concern to me but the course that I am pursuing i.e. learning Technology and Business Management has a good inclination in the job market. However, it is classic to note that the type of organisation, professional level and type of job are important in determining short term success. Higher Education Institutions are meant to offer students better employment prospects (Yorke and Knight 2004). The plans that I curb set aside after my graduation relate to becoming an Information Technology Project Manager. This is a position whose role is being redefined the world o ver due to the volatility of the IT field as well as that of managing related projects. Technology is quite dynamic with many changes adventure all over the world that aim at enhancing ways of doing business. Managing IT-related projects will therefore require mortal who is highly dynamic in regards to their general outlook of things as well as be equal to timely capture emerging trends. Furthermore, project management in the IT sector is requiring managers to embrace the globalisation position of doing business and current marketing strategies of customers in the highly competitive global arena. Failure to adopt these in IT project management renders a manager irrelevant. It is therefore important to look deeper into my education landscape so far as well as in the near future and assess whether I am employable as an IT project manager. Employability in relation to the Article As the article by embrown et al. suggests, employability is relative depending on whom and where it i s being analysed (Brown, Hesketh and Williams 2002). IT industry in the current working environment requires somebodynel who fool adequate experience in business management. The reason for this is that IT connects all departments and personnel within an organisational setup whether wee or large. Those people working in the IT department therefore need to have adequate knowledge of all business operations. Having studied business management, I stand to understand how projects need to run public treasury completion and when numerous departments are involved in ensuring success. The labour market especially in the UK has equilibrize all sectors relatively well and the fortunate occurrence is that all these sectors depend on IT to function internally and to interrelate (Meister 1998). The preference of taking IT project management as a career is based on the labour market limitations towards the range of jobs one can render application. Studying Business Management bring together with Information Management makes me think that project management in IT is an appropriate choice and that I have a chance of acquiring a job as a project manager. This goes ahead to uphold the social construction of employability. On the other hand I would rather not take a receptionist job based on the social connotation that such is not appropriate for a person bearing my credentials. Considering the above relationship between labour market, employability and education

Blues Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Blues Culture - Essay practiceThey took the form of second lines, pleasure, social clubs and even music.Its roots were in different manifestations of African American slave melodies, for example, field hollers, work tunes, spirituals, and nation string numbers. Blues music that caught the torment, anguish and any expectations of 300 long time of bondage and inhabitant cultivating, soul was regularly played by travelling solo musical artists on acoustic guitar, piano, or harmonica at weekend gatherings, picnics, and juke joints. Their audience was essentially comprised of coldming workers, who move to the propulsive rhythms, groans, and slide guitar. As the African American group that made soul started moving far from the South to escape its hardscrabble presence and Jim Crow laws, blues music advanced to reflect raw(a) circumstances. After a great many African-American ranch specialists had moved north to urban areas standardized Chicago and Detroit amid both World Wars, numero us started to view customary blues as an undesirable recitation of their humble days drudging in the fields they needed to hear music that mirrored their hot urban surroundings. Accordingly, transplanted soul specialists, for example, Muddy Waters, who had lived and chipped away at a Mississippi manor before locomote the rails to Chicago in 1943, swapped acoustic guitars for electric ones and rounded out their sound with drums, harmonica, and remain up bass (Woods). This offered ascent to an energized soul music with a blending beat that drove individuals onto the dance al-Qaeda and directed the route toward musicality and soul and shake and roll.Malcolm x was a black child whose go was killed by the white people and as a result, he developed mistrust for the white community. As a result, he started engaging in crime and was soon im prisoned. However, he found Islam in the prison and found out that he had

Transnational Immigrants in a Global Society Essay

Transnational Immigrants in a Global Society - Essay ExampleOn one hand he carries the stains of his culture with him and on the other hand when he is prevented from being considered a part of the new parliamentary procedure, he automatically finds himself alienated. The mind of missing his own root, his culture, elements of his reproduction, recognition in his own society and the total sense of fulfillment is incited. pondering over the current structure of the US society this sense of being unfulfilled becomes more explicit. contemporary US society can be regarded as a perfect example of the global society where people from different ethnic background, from different nations have gathered with the aspiration to introduce new changes to their lives, to shoot for for a better future. Most of the cartridge clip, such musical notes are generated from the perspective of attaining a better fortune or else than love for the nation. However such aspiration for attaining materiali st gain could not subdue their spontaneous longing for their upbringing and culture. Such social alienation most of time gives birth to existentialist angst and they, consequently, also develop a feeling of hostility against that particular society. In the course of understanding what kind of problems can occur at the psychical level of an individual who, though is living in the US merely transcends often to hi original existence, we have met Rina, a 34 years old lady, who has come down to the US for the heading of completing her higher studies. While meeting frequently with her I have asked Rina several questions about her feeling over her stay at the US, her feelings about lifestyle in the new society and how she finds it different from her ethnic Indian upbringing.It is a quite common conviction transitional immigration is an entirely political phenomenon but the main impact of transitional immigration over socio cultural aspects of a nation most of the time has been ignored. I n this context Reed

Resolving Ethical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resolving Ethical Issues - Essay ExampleThe facts surrounding the major ethical dilemma is the establishment of honesty, which should take precedence in all business transactions. It is a fact that Ted St. Clair is a miser who lead not agree to reduce the price no matter what. Moby Dick has been on the market for a very long time, and Ted has not considered reducing his asking price. The second fact is that Reverend Smith intends to riding habit the building for a good cause, which will benefit the community. Third, Reverend Smith has no use for the machines. He would not want bloody shame to lie on his behalf. Fourth, it would be unethical for Mary to lie to Ted that the buyer needs the machines. It is also unethical for Ted to overvalue his property. Mary is undecided whether she should lie to Ted about the machines to make him repose his asking price for the property. She would help Reverend Smith to get the property and use it for a good cause. Alternatively, she would tell Ted the truth, which means he will not reduce the price. Consequently, Reverend Smith will not afford the property. There are several alternatives that Mary can pursue to solve the ethical dilemma. First, Mary can tell Ted the trust and explain what Reverend Smith intends to do with the property.

Jewish children and the Holocaust Research Paper

Jewish children and the Holocaust - question Paper ExampleThe odds of survival for the older children were comparatively higher as they could be use in ghettos and concentration camps for forced labour. The children who faced the Holocaust can be divided into three hop on segments from infants to toddlers aged 6 children between ages of 7 and 12 and teenagers from age of 13 to 18. The chances of survival and the ability of playacting labour at camps varied majorly between these age segments (Rosenberg 15).The ideology and the policies of Nazis specially targeted the Jews, which then resulted in the ordained German policy called Final Solution. The Jews and their children faced a lot of suffering at the Nazis reach as soon as the Nazis came into power in January 1933, they restricted the rights of the Jewish children (Wiesel 33).The Jewish children in Germany began put up a progressively hostile atmosphere afterwards 1935. They faced alienation from their close friends, even i ll will at their hands, and spiteful and unfriendly attitudes. The letters to editors of Der Strmer, a Nazi tabloid by the German children, fracture a reprehensible outburst of passion and foolishness against their classmates who were Jewish.Jewish and Gypsy children faced a abundant amount of humiliations in the classrooms of Germany. The Social Darwinism as well as the degrading and oppressive doctrine of what was called the racial biology had a great role in humiliating these children and establishing their race as inferior. This resulted in education of education as a form of resistance in various Jewish schools in Germany after 1933, and it provided the background and experience for the secret schools which were created later in concentration camps and ghettos.Passed on 25th of April 1933, The Law against Overcrowding in German Schools and Universities was among the initial laws that directly affected the students that were Jewish. This tyrannical law

Katrina Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Katrina - Research reputation ExampleThen, in the early morning of August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore at the mouth of the Mississippi in effect(p) siege of Orleans with 140 mph sustained winds and assault surges two stories t completely. To make matters worse, many of the 500,000 residents of New Orleans live below sea level and are surrounded by the Mississippi River, Pontchartrain, and several bays. It was taken for granted(predicate) that this was going to be a huge storm consequently hundreds of thousands of disconnection residents evacuated on Saturday and sunshine. On sunshine night Mayor Holloway of Biloxi said that most of the residents in the lowest-lying sections of his city of 55,000 had evacuated. (Drye, 2005). Wherever possible, evacuees from low-lying areas went to higher fuzee to stay with relatives and/or friends. Some competed to rent limited accommodations however, soon these were no longer available. By Sunday night shelters were filling up, even as far away as South KATRINA 3 Texas and wholly over Lousiana, according to Steve Rinard, meteorologist in charge of the national weather service office in Lake Charles, lah (ibid.). Hurricane Katrina made landfall as a Category Four Storm on the Saffir-Simpson scale which ranks hurricanes from one to fiver according to wind speeds and destructive potential (ibid.). ... rina herself was responsible for injecting the initial surprise and resulting confusion by devising an unexpected jog southward as it crossed the Florida peninsula and then rapidly strengthening in the Gulf of Mexico. Residents in the Florida Keys were caught off guard by Katrinas intensification. Katrina kept on getting stronger as it took a ragged S-shaped path across the very warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. By Friday afternoon meteorologists feared the whisk They felt that the storm would further intensify as it approached large Gulf Coast cities such as Alabama, Mobile, and New Orleans, which it did (ibid .) One has to wonder why by this point, coordinated preparations were not being made for a huge impending disaster. Emergency management officials had been concerned for sometime about a powerful storm such as Katrina hitting vulnerable areas such as New Orleans and the Florida Keys. They saw the superior vulnerability being the coastal population growth that had occurred during the past three decades, as well as the fact that 55,000 citizens were living below sea level. Knowing this, one wonders why coordinated plans were not in place for rapid evacuation and shelter for all these people should a Hurricane such as Katrina come on to visit. They must have known that KATRINA 4 evacuation would not be easy, not only because of all of the people involved, but because there were a lot of people in the area without transportation and specie to evacuate. Certainly there was a lack of preparedness for such a major storm, but, perhaps, even more(prenominal) to the point was a lack of co mmunication, trust, and cooperation. Although President Bush declared a state of emergency for lah and authorized the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide aid, in response to

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

English - Essay ExampleMany bulk perplex had their credence in the American dream shattered by the crisis and the loss of their home. Many have state that the whole financial system will collapse due to the great problems revealed by the credit compaction and the failure of banks around the world. In the face of these problems each country has had to find economic policies to try to interim off a serious depression. Many economists believe the crisis began because of a big asset boom in the United States. Banks and other lenders gave away many loans at very low interest rates to pack who simply who could not afford to pay back the money. In the beginning this led to a huge boom in housing prices because in that respect were so many buyers in the housing market and there was a high demand and a somewhat low supply. However, eventually what happened was that people began to default on their mortgage payments. During the boom years many complicated financial products involving mo rtgages were bought and sold by banks and it was difficult to hump how many of these toxic mortgages were actually on a banks balance sheet. As the number of defaults and foreclosures increased people began to become very nervous as they had trouble determining the value of banks stocks and how many bad mortgages they held. These atomic number 18 serious problems the government needs to fix. We need to have a new era of hope and faith in order for people to begin to believe in the American dream

The safety issues in the Ford Motor Company Essay

The arctic issues in the Ford Motor confederation - Essay ExampleIn addition, the company is likely measuring the apostrophizes of replacing the part to the tot of money it might price to pay off those who are injured or die in machine accidents. Casualty costs sometimes are less than fixing a problem.I assure your concerns and I am going to take a look at the issue with what you redeem told me and bring some of the ethical issues you are facing. The first issue that we need to discuss is the idea that a cost/benefit analysis is appropriate where safety is concerned. According to the cost/benefit analysis that has been done on this vehicle and its safety issue with the placement of the engine, it is expected that there will be clxxx wipeouts and 180 injured. These deaths are nursed at 200,000.00 and the injuries at 67,000.00. Although that seems low, even twice that would equal less than the expected cost of putting in the part that would have saved all those lives and i njuries. The question that arises is how a dollar value tolerate be put on a death when that death could have been prevented? A death that happens when that is the result of the faulty design, but was not expected nor the system evaluated for that risk may create a dollar value to a jury when taken into a court of law. How should that be valued? Harley, I hate to say this but I commit it is your stipulation to go to the public before the car is released and let the world know that if they buy this effectuate of machinery they are vulnerable to this design flaw that can easily take their life.... How should that be valued? Harley, I hate to say this but I believe it is your responsibility to go to the public before the car is released and let the world know that if they buy this piece of machinery they are vulnerable to this design flaw that can easily take their life. This car has been rushed into payoff at a quick pace in order to compete with Volkswagen. In addition, I have already heard that they are lobbying in Congress to make sure that certain government activity safety standards are not made into regulations, which would affect their design and force them to make the car safe (Dowie, 1977). This vehicle is not meeting any form of reasonable safety standards, let alone expected regulations from the government and even though they are not yet in place, they should be considered when thinking about release this care into the public. The morality of an engineer are important to think about as you face this dilemma. It is your responsibility to create objects that are safe to the general public. Having knowledge about a vehicle that is not constructed in a safe manner makes you responsible for that knowledge and for whatever else happens if you fail to act. The first code of ethics for an engineer is that it is the responsibility of the engineer to uphold the safety for the public with which they have been entrusted. This would mean that you have an obligation to make sure this vehicle never emerges into the market. The problem with this decision is that it is going to decrease into conflict with other ethical mandate that you do not reveal information about the products of your clients and that you Act as a faithful agent of your client (Canadian Engineering Qualifications Board, 2012, p. 3). I think that the public safety is going to come before

United 93 Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United 93 Film - examine ExampleUnited 93 FilmThe events in the movie are intended to be as truthful as possible, and it takes on the views and opinions of some of the family members of the victims. The movie begins with a scene of the hijackers praying in their hotel room. It then shows the intravenous feeding attackers leaving for Newark International Airport. Before they board the plane, a scene shows one of the hijackers calling his family members and saying goodbye. I was taken aback by this because I have always seen those people as terrorists and monsters, yet the seemed to be human just analogous me or anyone else during this movie. Once the plane is in the air, the scene is just like any normal morning domestic flight people are laughing and joking around, seance quietly in their seats, while others were just taking sips of coffee while admiring the view. While this flight is in the air, on the ground we can see the television coverage of the two planes crashing into the World Trade perfume the passengers on Flight 93 are oblivious to the fact. Meanwhile, the terrorists are discussing among themselves when to start their operation. One of the hijackers assembles a dissembler bomb, while the other three storm the cockpit. The passengers begin to understand the events happening in New York and hence decide to retake the plane to prevent a similar event from occurring. They overpower the terrorist who claims to be dimension a bomb, which later turns out to be a fake.

Comparing tajfels social identity theory and scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice Essay Example for Free

Comparing tajfels complaisant identity operator hypothesis and scapegoating surmisal in let offing evil EssayThe issue of comparing and contrasting Tajfels possible action of social identity and the scapegoating theory in explaining hurt is a very controversial issue subject to debate .The theories are wish well ane and the same thing though they are variant as show be say as the debate goes on.The main difference is that scapegoating mainly touches on the rivals of in- mathematical group against out-group while social identity theory bases on the individual rivalry against individual and roughly(prenominal) have got a negative outrage effect. Barbara (1997) reiterates that prejudice by definition is an attitude usually negative toward a member of some other group solely on prejudice the membership in that group . Feldman explains prejudice in the sense that when ii groups want to achieve the same goal except both groups cannot get hostility is due to befall .Fo r example increased competition of various groups in times of economic crisis may be i of the factors lead to prejudice .Tajfel (1971) believes that the scapegoating theory is not adequate in explaining prejudice and he also uses a social identity theory . up to now Tajfel et al (1971) argue that competition is not sufficient for inter-groups fighting and hostility .Tajfel does not deny the importance of competition amongst groups as explanation for the origins of prejudice but argues that mere perception of the existence of another group can itself produce discrimination .Tajfel et al goes on to say that before any discrimination occur ,people must be categorized as members of in-groups or out-groups but more significantly the very act of of categorization by itself produces conflict and discrimination star to negative prejudice .Therefore from the supra analysis oneness can be tempted to say that the origins of prejudice in both social identity theory and scapegoating theory arise from the same nature to a greater expiration as noted in the joust in question though they superpoweriness be some differences but to a lesser extent.Moreover, scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice asserts that people orgroups seeks to displace their anger on the weaker people or groups .When the weaker group sees that its being dehumanized or being regarded as inferior scapegoating has entered in the danger zone which will eventually lead to the aggression of the out-group.However Tajfels social identity theory suggest that individuals strive for self image and social identity that is influenced by the value categorized by a group an individual belongs .Therefore from the aforementioned analysis one great power be tempted to conclude that the spirit of pride inside one group and an individuals ego perpetuated by a group an individual belongs may leads to prejudice as expulsed in the argument above.In bestowition , basing on the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice ,pain and frustration only often burn hostility for example the native Africans were allocated land in reserves which was very infertile and this led to the first of all Chimurenga war when the natives fought the whites blaming them for drought and other misfortunes that they were facing as a result of their presence .In contrast to the above theory, Myers(2008) elucidates that the social identity theory in explaining prejudice suggest that individuals in a group throw in to develop a sense of their identity that is anchored within in-group .Therefore .from the information above one might tempted to extend that both of the two theories asserts that as a result of aggression by scapegoating and in-group reading development as supported by Tajfel(1971) elaborates the concept of prejudice though they vary to a lesser extent as exhibited in the argument in question.More so, Healey (2006) pontificates that the scapegoating theory targets for the displaced aggression vary, for example failure by the government of Zimbabwe to run the economy that led to hyper-inflationary epoch some Zimbabweans blamed the sanctions for the economic turmoil and the Europeans as the oppressors but were there to blame for economic crisis in actual sense and this poses a question to many people .Moreover, in the early 1980s people vented their anger to the witchcraft tradition and leading to the masquerading of tsikamutandas to uproot witches in societies and people who were presumed to be witches were humiliated or forced to drink a mixture and if the witch belongs to in-group and another one from out-groupfavouritism was bound to happen leading to someone being unfairly treated due to favoritism .The South Africans felt the shortage of employment in their country is because of Zimbabweans verbalise that they are taking all jobs thus leading to xenophobia attacks on Zimbabweans and in that essence it evokes prejudice between the in-group and out-group.On the other side of the coin ,Faney (2004) alludes that the social identity theory furnishes favoritism among in-groups and out-groups. The theory asserts that as groups are formed ,they come to develop a culture of patriotism towards themselves and to discriminate against out-groups .therefore , from the aforesaid assertions one might be tempted to alludes that prejudice arise from favoritism and displaced aggression as exposed in both theories above .Furthermore , Tajfel (1971) suggests that resource allocation is done unequally ,in transgressicular they will favor their declare group at the expense of out-group .This suggest that the tendency in-favor of in-group may be especially powerful if the in-group notions to be minority .In addition the scapegoating theory in explaining prejudice propounds that for instance in Zimbabwe ,opposition to immigration since 1990 has gone up and down following the hijacking unemployment rate .Moreover ,the scapegoating theory and social identity theory expla in the concept of prejudice in a different dimension as noted above in the argument in question though some very small similarities were noted but since the explanations flummox the similarities one might be tempted to conclude that both theories in explaining prejudice they differ immensely .To add more flesh to the bones , the social identity theory presumes that as people hear the views of a group they are bound to change their own views to suite of the in-group and one school of thought believes that similarities within groups will ultimately lend itself to polarization among groups .Members of the in-group will try to make themselves look unique from out-group as they endeavor this uniqueness to prove a spirit of social identity .For example if l am a soccer fan and we are discussing the play of the play of an opposing team , l might advocate for my team that plays untold better than the opposing team .However the scapegoating theory reiterates that the strongest anti-black p rejudice has occurred among whites who staymuch closer to blacks on the socio-economic hierarchy .For instance the whites who protested for the industrial conciliation act enactment are the whites who were imprint threatened by the black society and those white who were on top of the socio-economic hierarchy felt no intimidation by blacks .there, as thus discussed above one might possibly say that it is clear from the aforesaid argument that scapegoating and social identity theory can explain prejudice from various angles as expulsed in the argument in question .Moreover , Tajfel (1971) asserts that the personal identity deteriorates and social identity grow focal in the sense that people have a feeling of themselves individually and as part of the group they belong and in doing so their group identity comes to the central core of their prejudice and they ceases to cede more attention on the individual characteristics of out-group .Furthermore , scapegoating pontificates that the clash of interest may result in prejudice and anyone who is not satisfied with himself is always ready for a revenge .For example Floyd May-weather might always feel that he can outclass Pacquino despite losing to him and every time is ready for a revenge delay so as to claim his status as a champion .Therefore , from the above analysis one might be tempted to conclude scapegoating and social identity theory are somehow different though clearly explaining the concept of prejudice as noted in the aforesaid assertions .In union ,It does not need a rocket scientist to discover that competition to prestige, social recognition ,water, land ,jobs and some other resources may precipitates aggression which will eventually turn into prejudice in both theories scapegoating and social individual theory .However , it is an abortion of factual evidence to sidestep the differences such as displaced aggression , feelings of in-group and out-groups , favoritism among in-groups and out-groups and just to mention but a few were addressed as differences of social identity and scapegoating theory as exhibited in the argument in question in explaining the concept of prejudice.Tatenda Nyoka is a student at Great Zimbabwe Zimbabwe University and can be contacted on emailprotected

Plato Aristotle Comparison Essay Example for Free

Plato Aristotle Comparison EssayJustice is the root which has been the main subject of nevertheless closely philosophers a quick definition for estimableice could be the quality of being fair and reasonable. A lot of philosophers have written on this subject and have had debates. Two of the most signifi sesst mavins be Plato and Aristotle, who are two leading figures of ancient Greek civilization and both fantasy somewhat arbiter and established theories about the aspects of being just. Plato was a student of Socrates, and Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle study under Plato and remained in his academy for 20 years in Athens scarce left the academy after Platos death. Aristotle and Plato had contrary philosophies about m any subjects like rightness and injurist, the function of humans, truth, the human soul, art, and politics. scratch with Plato (427 BC-347 BC) one of the most important philosophers of the world and the founder of The Academy. Platos mo st famous dissemble is The Re popular in which he draws the qualities of a just individual and a just metropolis resign by explaining the sublime nature of justice.His beliefs of determination justice in an individual will require finding it in the perfect city (which consists of great deal). His major questions that were pursued in the rest of his work were What is Justice? And is one better off or happier being just rather than unjust? Plato faces a situation where he raised a question and he has several answers provided by several traditions, and he also has a new answer of his own. Aristotle (384-322 BC) is one of the founders of modern Western thought with Socrates and Plato.He was tutored by Socrates student Plato, later on became very effective in the progress of the idea of scientism and scholastic ideology. Aristotle in his famous work The Nicomachean ethical motive explains the virtuous and superior nature of justice where he claims that justice can mean either re ctitude or fairness, since injustice is lawlessness and unfairness. In his opinion, laws push and inspire people to act virtuously so, the just someone who by definition is lawful, will necessarily be virtuous.I am going to differentiate how these two philosophers compare and telephone circuit when it comes to their own policy-making theories regarding the ideal totallyege and how to define justice in it. To compare the political theories of two great philosophers of politics is to first examine each theory in depth. Plato is regarded by galore(postnominal) experts as the first writer of political philosophy, and Aristotle is recognized as the first political scientist. These two men were great thinkers.They each had ideas of how toimprove being societies during their individual lifetimes. It is necessary to look at several areas of each theory to seek the difference and similarities in each. Both philosophers had common points and rough differences, scratch with Plato, wh ere in the beginning of his conversation with Thrasymachus (Plato, The Republic ,Page 19), the latter defines justice as what is the interest of the stronger party. Socrates goes on to refute this definition by saying that the stronger party can be at fault sometimes, and a get holdr can make mistakes.One of the questions that Plato pursued in his work was the one proposed by Thrasymachus who suggests that the hunting of self-interest or injustice pays better than that the pursuit of justice. Socrates states that the injustice would create disagreement and weakness kind of of strength. He says that injustice causes problems and weakens the group whether it occurs in a state or family or army or in anything else it renders it incapable of any common action because of factions and quarrels, and sets it at variance with itself and with its opponents and with whatever is just (Plato, The Republic, summon 38).The surmount, rational and righteous political order leads to the harmoni ous unity of a society and allows all the citys parts to pursue happiness but non at the expense of others. Plato showed what justice is in the state and then in the soul. He drew a state in which all staple fibre needs are met. The Guardians consist of non- command Guardians and rule Guardians. The non-rulers are a higher level of civil servants and the ruling is the societys policy architects. Auxiliaries are soldiers and civil servants and finally the workers who are most commonly unskilled laborers. The Guardians are to be wise and good rulers.It is important that the rulers who arise must be a class of craftsmen who are public-spirited in temperament and skilled in the arts of g overnment areas. The shielders are to be placed in a position in which they are absolute rulers. They are supposed to be the select some who know what is best for society. As far as politics, he stated in the Republic that philosopher rulers who let cognition of the good should be the governors in a city-state. Platos ruling ideology is briefed as the rule of the best man, the philosopher king who alone knows the ideal standards for the state.Also, ruling is a skill as the best man must be trained to rule. Ruling is also an perfection. Aristotles ruling philosophy can be summarized as the rule of the best laws a well ordered constitution which entails good governance. For him, although ruling is a skill and an ideal as well it is also a science (although Aristotle understands politics as a normative or prescriptive discipline rather than as a purely verifiable or descriptive inquiry). Plato believed that each man is better by sticking to one occupation in which he excels in.Social justice aims at promoting the good of the city as a full-page it does that by dividing affable labors and by assigning optimal social functions to all the citizens equally(Gerasimos Santas, worth and Justice Plato Aristotle and the moderns foliate 103). Plato valued the skills of all people, and believed that the perfect polis would be one in which every citizen would do his part jibe to his abilities, and there would be no unique marks between the rich and the poor. Platos ethical ideal of the undefeated running of the city and the internal harmoniousness of the citizen who runs it is the main ethical aim.Plato maintains a virtue-based eudemonistic ethics. His model of the just state was one where all the parts function for the benefit of the whole, and the whole benefits the parts. His first inclination is that the matching of citizens to their optimal social functions makes possible and pre wait ons the other social virtues and the good they promote. (Gerasimos Santas, Goodness and Justice Plato Aristotle and the moderns summon 90). According to Plato ethics is a form of knowledge, it is the knowledge of measurement of short-term and long-term consequences.Plato also appealed to a model of harmonious functioning by saying that the soul has its divisions just as the state does. He develops the view that being a good person in an ethical sense involves achieving internal harmony of the parts of the soul. Essentially what Plato wants to achieve is a perfect society. Justice in the soul is likewise a matter of each part of the soul performing its own and proper function. An individual is wise in the virtue of reason ruling in him and brave in the virtue of the spirited part acting its role.An individual is temperate if his inferior bodily appetites are ruled by his reason. And justice belongs to its total ordering. Moreover, the just man will rarely exist except in the just state, where at least some men, the future rulers are systematically educated in justice. But the just state cannot possibly exist except where there are just men Plato brings the ideal of the philosopher king. Aristotle, differs from Plato here in the way that he is not concerned with perfecting society, he just wants to improve on the existing one.Rather than produce a p lan for the perfect society, Aristotle suggested that the society itself should improve to adapt the best system therefore he relied on the logical tactic. Utopia (Platos perfect city) is an abstract solution because there is no real proof that all societies are in need of all that change like Plato wanted. Aristotle discovered that the best possible has already been obtained. All that can be done is to try to improve on the existing one. He disagreed with Platos point of each man (or groups) sticks to one job, he thought that idea of one class attribute discontinuing political power will not result positively.The failure to allow circulation between classes eliminates those men who whitethorn be ambitious, and wise, but are not in the right class of society to hold any type of political power. He quotes It is a further objection that he deprives his Guardians even of happiness, maintaining that happiness of the whole state which should be the object of legislation what he is sayin g is that Guardians sacrifice their happiness for power and control, and those guardian who lead a strict lifestyle like that will impose that kind of lifestyle on their society.Both Plato and Aristotle have a common point when it comes to justice. For both, the end of the state is ethical as justice is the basis for the ideal state, For Plato, the individual and the state are one, as they both have a many-sided nature of which justice is the result of a sound balance of these three parts. Aristotle asserts that the city-state (polis) comes into being for the sake of life, but exists for the sake of the good life.It is mainly about justice existing in an objective sense, or in other words, a belief that the good and just life should be available for all individuals no matter how high or low their social status is In democracies, for example, justice is considered to mean equality, in oligarchies, once again inequality in the scattering of office is considered to be just, says Ari stotle. Plato sees the justice and law as what sets the guidelines for social behavior.Aristotle said, The people at large should be sovereign rather than the few best (Edward A.Hacker, peripatetic logic, p 92). Plato would never allow the full public participation in government as Aristotle would like. According to Plato public judgments of approval and disapproval are based on belief and not on knowledge (Edward A. Hacker, Aristotelian logic, p 96). Aristotles ethics are based on his view of the Universe. He saw it as a hierarchy in which everything has a function. The highest form of existence is the life of the rational being, and the function of lower beings is to serve this form of life. According to him, justice must be distributed proportionately.For instance, a tailor and a farmer cannot rally clothes for food, since clothes and food are not of equal value. Aristotles equation of justice with lawfulness can create a problem since laws can be unjust too. However, he refute s this idea again by separating political justice from domestic justice. The function of the law is to lay down sound and balances principals of character-formation, in the light of which it should be the function of educational practice to accustom various kinds of people, each in different ways, to refrain from greed and thereby arrive at an equalization of desires (W.Von Leyden, Aristotle on equality and justice, his political argument p 82).According to him, although political justice and domestic justice are related, they are also distinct. political justice is about laws since justice exists only between men whose mutual relations are governed by law (The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle, book 5, part 6). So, political justice is governed by the rule of law, while domestic justice relies much on respect. Thus, Aristotle says the justice of a master and that of a father are not the homogeneous as the justice of citizens (The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle, book 5, part 6).Aristot le regarded the concept of justice as necessary to satisfy social equality. But he also wanted to argue that justice is based on a downplay of laws and rules. Aristotle begins to define justice by saying that we observe that everyone means by justice the disposition which makes us doers of just actions, that makes us do what is just and wish that is just. (The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle, book 5 chapters 1). The rest of Aristotles social function in his attempt to define justice is explaining the just actions in terms of laws.Therefore the unjust person is the one who doesnt follow the law (unlawful), which is where his two definitions of justice come from. The 1st one, general justice identified with what is lawful in our behavior the 2nd one particular justice that is identified with the distribution of honor and wealth. Plato and Aristotle had very different views about the functions of the human. Plato refutes the idea that backs that injustice is better than justice. He ar gued that injustice was not very helpful for setting up a model city.Virtue for the model city was derived from the individuals spirit in the city and their capability to fulfill their functions. He defined human function as ruling, thinking, living, and pickings care of the advises attributed to each in a city. He defined a persons purpose in relation to his position in the society and his existence in relation to a community. Aristotle argues about the method to achieving ultimate good by searching for happiness by every single person.He believed that happiness or the pursuit of it was the ultimate end, and people worked their way to achieve the ultimate end which is happiness. Happiness, jibe to him, was attained if one fulfilled ones reasons, purposes, meanings, and expressions in the best way possible. His views focused on the individual rather than a society or community as a whole. He had a more individualistic point of view. Aristotle disagrees with Plato on another idea. Platos worldview rendered the material, physical world less important than the domain of ideas and abstractions.According to him, the world we see around us consists of imperfect copies of the ideal versions of the same things that are hearty to us only through our minds, and therefore our time is better spent contemplating the better, real, abstractions than their flawed manifestations. Aristotle does not grapple this worldview, but I will not get into this idea. Their philosophies were different from each other in many subjects, but the most important philosophy which sets the differentiation is the human purpose.Plato believed in a community or society as one and the function of humans in relation to it for achieving a model society. Aristotle was more individualistic and believed in individual happiness as the main function of humans and their achievement by being excellent in what they did and thus forming a model society or city. Although, Plato and Aristotle agree on the concept of an ideal state, they still disagree on deeper issues as Aristotle distanced himself from Plato, who was his mentor, at some point.Plato and Aristotle constructed two Utopian state models in which in order to provide justice the ruling power is given to a philosopher king (in Aristotles model) or a class of philosopher Guardians who are able to produce better knowledge (in Platos model). But rather than giving the ruling power to an elite, in order to provide justice we could raise just children who will be just citizens in the future. Platos philosophy tends toward the metaphysically excessive. He is not bound by realism or model, but allows his imagination to wander into theoretical areas most people today would dismiss as irrelevant and unrealistic.His political philosophy, for instance, is utopian. He sets for himself the task of imagining the ideal way to grammatical construction and govern a society, and ends up with an impressively inventive and elaborate scheme, but one that tolerates little likeness to how human beings ever have or likely ever will interact politically in the real world. Aristotles philosophy is much more grounded in realism and common sense and logical. Hes more about describing the world as it is than going too far in the direction of speculating about how it should be.In contrast to Platos utopian political philosophy, Aristotles political philosophy has a large component of descriptive political science. When he does argue for certain political schemes, they tend to be positive improvements on existing systems. Plato and Aristotle have a lot of differences in both style and material, but what they have in common is that both are still being read nowadays, and still are inspirational and they both challenge philosophers and students all over the world.Sources used 1- The Republic Author Plato Published by Penguin Classics 2- The Nicomachean Ethics Author Aristotle Published by Penguin Classics 3- Goodness and Justice, Plato, Aristotle, and the Moderns Author Gerasimos Santas Published by Blackwell Publishers 4- Aristotle on equality and justice, his political argument Author W. Von Leyden Published by Macmillan 5- Aristotelian logic Author William Thomas Parry, Edward A. Hacker Published by State University of New York, Albany.

Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution Essay Example for Free

Charles Darwin and the Theory of ontogenesis EssayIn the 1850s, Charles Darwin proposed his hypothesis of growth. His theory proposed that species evolved gradually through and through subtle changes from one generation to the next by means of natural selection. By natural selection, the closely desirable hereditary traits become more common from one generation to the next while the little desirable, weaker traits die out. This gives rise to an organism that is more capablefitted toof surviving in the surrounding environment.At the while Darwin formulated his idea beginning with his trip on the HMS Beagle in the 1830s, just about scientists resorted to the idea that God had preordained carriage by natural laws rather than by miraculous feats. musical composition logical and correct, the idea unsounded refers to a divine power, indicating a religious bent, so perhaps it was obvious that the ideas addressed could lead to religious contr everyplacesy. As is common in scie nce, Darwins model arose from ideas garnered from a number of scientists of his time. Some researchers of the time believed that natural laws were trusty for life.While Darwins ideas did not account for the processes believed to account for life at the time, there was a theory at the time thought to account for life. Most thought that species were transmuted from one species into an otherwisewise. The problem with transmutation, an idea that is confusable to growth in some respects, is that a species may change through transmutation, merely it will still be the same species. A dog may change into a different type of dog, nevertheless it will still be a dog likewise, for a cat or any other species. Evolution dictates that the entire animal kingdom can grow through stages from one species into other over time.Birds came from reptiles, mammals came from birds and humans came from non-humans. (Lewontin, 1981) The data is unequivocal. During his voyage on HMS Beagle, Darwin found fogy remains of gigantic mammals that were recently extinct with no indication that their extinction had been shaked by climate changes or catastrophic events. Although he believed that the remains he found were related to species in Africa or Europe, examination of the remains Darwin found showed that they were only related to other species found only in the Americas. Creationists insist that life came about from God in six days.While most phylogenyists attack creationism on the grounds of scientific facts, there is another line of present near unnoticed by those who support evolution theory. Historians and archeologists cook learned that the biblical story of creation came from the legends of another culture. Stories presented in the ledger evolved slowly over time, long ahead religions existed, and incorporated tales from many cultures. The story of the tend of Eden, the serpent and the Tree of Life, for example, ar said to extradite been depicted on an Akkadian Cyl inder Seal tight 2500 years before Christ.The serpent itself was viewed as a deity. Notice No one familiar with the mythologies of the primitive, ancient, and oriental person worlds can turn to the Bible without recognizing counterparts on every page, transformed, however, to render an argument contrary to the older faiths. In Eves scene at the tree, for example, nothing is said to indicate that the serpent who appeared and spoke to her was a deity in his own right, who had been revered in the Levant for at least seven thousand years before the composition of the Book of contemporaries. on that point is in the Louvre a carved green steatite vase, inscribe c. 025 BC by King Gudaea of Lagash, dedicated to a late Sumerian manifestation of this consort of the goddess, low his title Ningizzida, Lord of the Tree of Truth. p. 9. The Serpents Bride. Joseph Campbell. Occidental Mythology, The Masks of God. Arkana. New York. Viking Penguin Books. 1964, 1991 reprint The information in t he Old volition dates from about 1450 BC until 200 BC. This means that, contrary to the strongly held beliefs of most Christians, the creation story of generation is actually derived from the myths of ancient Sumerians.Therefore, the story is a myth. This means that those who against Darwins ideas on religious grounds establish on their beliefs in the accuracy of the story in Genesis have unknowingly chosen to unsay myth over facts. While they believe the myth to be factual, archeological severalize demonstrates otherwise. The scientific curtilage leans heavily in support of Darwins ideas. While we may not fully understand some aspects behind the mechanism of evolution, we are continuously learning more about those mechanisms. (Dobzhansky, 1973) Dobzhansky statesLet me try to occupy crystal clear what is established beyond reasonable doubt, and what needs further study, about evolution. Evolution as a process that has always gone on in the history of the earth can be doubted on ly by those who are ignorant of the consequence or are resistant to evidence, owing to ablaze blocks or to plain bigotry. By contrast, the mechanisms that bring evolution about certainly need study and clarification. There are no alternatives to evolution as history that can withstand critical examination.Yet we are constantly learning new and important facts about evolutionary mechanisms. Theodosius Dobzhansky, Nothing in Biology Makes experience Except in Light of Evolution, American Biology Teacher vol. 35 (March 1973) reprinted in Evolution versus Creationism, J. Peter Zetterberg ed. , ORYX Press, Phoenix AZ 1983. Darwin (1859) believed that whales evolved from bears based on a scenario where selective pressures might cause this evolution, but he was criticized for this idea and removed the suggestion. Gould, 1995) Today, there is a great deal more fossil evidence for the evolution of many species thus supporting the idea of evolution as a general biological principle, inclu ding the evolution of whales from lower animals. Evidence in support of evolution exists at many levels. There is paleontological evidence based on fossils, morphological evidence that relate the body morphology of higher animals to lower animals, evidence from molecular biology and from embryology.Added to this, the chronological picture that results is consistent with other lines of evidence. For example, the evidence for the evolution of whales from lower animals is convincing. Whales have been closely studied with respect to evolution. If evolution is valid, transitional stages from one level of evolution to another should exist. Although the fossil remains of whales spotty for a long time, recent fossil discoveries have more than adequately contribute support to the concept of evolution for whales.Researchers state that independent lines of evidence from different disciplines confirm the pattern of evolution in whales. John Ray recognized that whales were mammals rather than f ish in 1693 based on their proportion to world(a) mammals. (Barnes, 1984) In 1883, Flower (see Barnes, 1984) found that whales had vestigial characteristics in common with terrene mammals just as humans have vestigial tails, the coccyx. Findings similar to these led to the concept of ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. This concept is briefly explained in further detail below.Flower (1883) recognized that the whales have persistent rudimentary and vestigial features characteristic of terrestrial mammals, thus confirming that the direction of descent was from terrestrial to marine species. On the basis of morphology, Flower similarly linked whales with the ungulates he seems to have been the first person to do so. Today, we know that whales have vestigial features in common with lower animals. For example, they have vestigial olfactory nerve, protruding hind limbs, pelvic fins and diaphragms.Like humans, during embryological resurrectment, whales develop features similar to lower animals and abandon them as development progresses. During their development, there is also evidence that whales have terrestrial ancestors. Some whales even develop hair while in the womb although they do not make it. In 1985, Goodman et al. demonstrated that whales are more closely related to ungulates than to other animals. (Goodman, 1985 Miyamoto and Goodman, 1986) Some studies have determine genes, enzymes and other proteins that connect whales to extinct animals. (Irwin et al. 991 Irwin and Arnason, 1994 Milinkovitch, 1992 Graur and Higgins, 1994 Gatesy et al, 1996 Shimamura et al. , 1997) We have already noted above that the creation story in the Bible was taken from the text of an ancient culture that predates the Hebrew account. Rather than to openly acknowledge that the Bibles story of creation is a mythical legend that explains evolution and the appearance of life on earth, some religious groups resort to far-fetched, fictitious, generally ridiculous concepts such as c reationism, creation science and able design to dismiss or explain away the science and replace it with fantasy.Embryology and developmental biology have a concept, ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, that simplifies and briefly but succinctly expresses the concepts presented in the first chapter of Genesis. This is like explaining a complicated scientific concept, take conception and birth for example, to a little child by victimisation a fairy tale rather than detailed research information. The fairy tale is not accurate, but the general information it communicates is true. With this single phrase, the first chapter of Genesis is summarized and explained.The phrase means that the embryological processes of development, ontogeny, depict and encapsulate the evolutionary history of the species, phylogeny. For example, during development of the human embryo, the fetus briefly has gills and a tail like its phylogenetic ancestors. In other words, during development, the developing embry o goes through some of the same stages that humans went through as the species create from lower animals to humans. The concept makes perfect sense and explains many aspects of human development.Obviously, we cannot provide a comprehensive brush up of the evidence support evolution in a few pages, and we certainly cannot provide realistic evidence against it in light of all that exists to support it. While the evidence in support of the evolution of whales is plentiful, much evidence exists for evolution in general, including in humans. As has been reported here, the evidence is not just from scientific research, but also from archeology and history. That evidence shows, among other things, that the biblical story of creation in Genesis predates the Bible by hundreds of years.Despite all the evidence in support of evolution and against the idea of the biblical creation as being anything more than a myth, we can be certain that the argument in support of the biblical creation as be ing the real story and representing the real facts will not go away. Humans being what we are, we will always be faced with living with the Genesis myth as if it were fact, and coping with those who insist that the earth all the universe was created in six literal days. That concept certainly will never go away no matter what facts exist to disprove it.

The development of relationships is communication Essay Example for Free

The knowledge of relationships is talk EssayOne of the closely vital comp 1ntsin the development of relationships is talk. It remains as one of the most important factors in lots relationships, helping them develop in the attainment of their desired objectives as they form their profess unique relationships. Similarly, it has been seen as a qualifying factor in the success of umteen important personalities. Thus, the process in which individuals drop dead to one another is a critical process in determining sustenance and improvement in environments.I had always envisioned a borderless world, one where race will not be hindered by boundaries, language and color, with issue the presence of discrimination and prejudices. Despite the difficulty in tfulfilling this perspective, I know that by understanding and advancing our communication processes, such an instance tush be possible. With these views and desires in mind, I would like to express my intention to apply for a co mmunication major at the University of California. Given these facts, I will try to convince the admissions committee on the merits of my application.Given that there is a large number of applicants seeking acceptance in this prestigious learning institution, it is important for me to lay out good reasons how I can contribute and serve the purpose of the University, secernicularly in my relevant objectives and my unawares long term goals. All of this corresponds on the idea of what can reciprocate. My first interest in the communication process began in my early years in high school at the East Coast. creation an international scholarly person, I was faced with the everyday challenges that I hit to deal with.New great deal, policies, environments, languages and cultures were all noncitizen to me as I adjusted to my new surroundings. It was hard to learn when things just seemed to line up, waiting to be solved by a person who nary knew anything about them. By learning langua ges and cultures, communicating with people from different countries got easier, and from my first experience in resolving communication situations, the interest in the process of communication grew. I would like to seek admission to further develop my longstanding interest in the solid ground of communication.I consider it an amazing experience to know people from different cultures and languages. This was my same situation in my stay in the United States, dealing with different nationalities and a foreign language. As an international student living in the United States, a place with different kinds of people, learning their traditional cultures and styles is necessary to communicate with them. My wish is to gain the ability and knowldege to communicate with every single person.In my native Hong Kong, the relationships I had with friends and peers distinctly established my intention to further grasp the process of communication, removeing to understand the importance of both ve rbal and non-verbal styles. Similarly, I needinessed to see how peoples behavior manifested in their interaction with others. This wide diversity of peoples attitudes and comprehensions has given me the initiative in understanding their relationship with each other, kindling my interest in communication. Likewise, the numerous ways people engage with each other fascinates me.This setup, unique yet to humans, has been the integral part in the formation of several communication and language theories. All of these are focused on one important goal promote better understanding. With the development of new technologies, there are various methods and practices that can be exhausted in the process. Chatting, web conferencing, and emails has given the art of dialogue a new direction. ascribable to this, human beings have become closer amidst the presence of intangible and tangible boundaries.On the other hand, my donnish study has given me substantial theoretical anchors essential to m y understanding of the subject. Also, the relevant subjects that were facilitated during my academic years have been instrumental in giving me the necessary tools to accomplish my tasks, developing the training and enhancement of my personal capabilities and skills. With this, I can say that my study at Santa Monica Community College has given me the needed exposure to create my own interpretation of communication and dialogue.This understanding of communication has enabled me to create better and harmonious relationship with my peers. My inclination to both volunteer and civic activities clearly became a benchmark for creating my individual interpretation of dialogue. Also, being part of sports connect endeavors, I understood the magnitude of communication. The thing about athletics is that it does not only focus on the values of sportsmanship and discipline. As a member of AGS at Santa Monica Community College, I saw the need to seek better opportunities.First of these was the va lue of service among different cultural and racial backgrounds. Back then, I only had to settle with a few minorities, our type t being the dominant one. Here at Santa Monica, I had the experience of being exposed to a wide array of cultures and beliefs. All these became integral to my overall perception of defining communication. Having said these, I feel that I am qualified to be included in the applicants list. I want to learn the knowledge of acquiring and learning new ideas and concepts.I feel the need to remove barriers within my personality and in others. From my expeience, it is to hard to talk to strangers. People think Im weird when I talk to them. But if given this degree, I can acquire the confidence and self esteem I need to convey my message. In the end, this communication degree is only a stepping stone of what I want to be as part of my goals in attaining my long term plans. Despite the challenges and hurdles that may come, I feel that I am ready and equipped with th e necessary values and credentials to withstand everything.

Greek and Roman Art Essay Example for Free

Hellenic and papist craft EssayGreek sculptures em be a lot of things and meanings. The way they create a certain object reflects to their psychological state that human beings are the measure of things. One of the known Greek artists during the antique times is Praxiteles. He is the around famous ancient Greek artist because of his countless masterpieces such as the Aphrodite of Knidos and Nike Adjusting Her Sandal. Another well-known magnum opus that is crafted by Praxiteles is Hermes and the infant god Dionysus. Hermes and the infant god Dionysus is created byPraxiteles in a way that it is anchored to his ultimate decision of altering the rules and principles of the standard and ideal body proportions. It is the most famous example of an adult and child statuary. Praxiteles traces the Kephisodotos step by creating and sculpting a piece delineating a race between two figures (Praxiteles, 2008). This sculpture is found at Olympia where it has been commissioned for the said sanctuary. It conveys and expresses the secular land of the period (Hermes and the Infant Dionysus, n/d).Due to the artists manipulation and alteration of the standard body proportion, the adult on the artwork which is Hermes, is portrayed as tall and slender, standing in calm, tranquil and unstrain position. His figure encompasses various linesfrom vertical, horizontal, curvilinear and spiral. Vertical lines are visible in his nose, neck and lower image of his leg. Horizontal lines are evident in his eyes and lips. Spiral lines are noticeable in his malformed and curly hair. Curvilinear dominates the whole figurefrom Hermes face down to his feet.His phallus is not rendered. Nevertheless, a discover of the male organ is still exposed and depicted. On the other hand, the baby figure, which is Dionysus, is expandd in such a way that it is carried by Hermes in his left arm. The infant is just composed of curvilinear. He faces sideways reservation its physical features appea r summarily represented. The cloth that wraps his lower body demonstrates horizontal lines, as well as the trunk of the tree which functions as support of the sculpture per se.On the contrary, roman sculptures are said to be copied in Greeks even though they are said to be purely papistic in origin and conception. Some statues are imitations and pastiche of more than one Greek original around are combinations of Greek gods/athletes image and Roman head (Department of Greek Art and Roman, n/d). One of the ancient Roman sculptures which is said and believed that is copied from Greeks is The Hope Dionysos. It embodies a retrospective Greco-Roman style (Hemingway, 2007).It is crafted during the tardily 1st century A. D. but during the 18th century it is restored by Vincenzo Pacetti (Vincenzo Pacetti. The Hope Dionysos 1990. 247, 2006). The main figure in the sculpture is Dionysos. He is portrayed standing at ease and his left arm is resting on a female person figure traditionally re cognized as Spes, the embodiment and representation of hope. Dionysos wears a panther beat overlapping his chiton while a cloak envelops around his upper right arm and elevate (Vincenzo Pacetti. The Hope Dionysos 1990. 247, 2006).The statue is composed of various intricate lineshorizontal, vertical, curvilinear and spiral. The robes of the two figures possess a myriad of draperies which illustrate various vertical lines however the cloth that is on Spes head shows curvatures. The two sculptures are depicted realistically with their complete body parts as compared to some statues that are lacking with head, arms or feet. both(prenominal) sculptures possess two figures at the same time. If Hermes and the infant Dionysus showcases Dionysus as a baby, The Hope Dionysos illustrates the grown up one.The former is accompanied by a known Greek god Hermes, the latter is escorted with archaistic female figure, Spes. If Hermes is naked, Dionysos is very well-wrapped. The two statuaries impl y dichotomies the main focus (Hermes and Dionyos) and the out-of-focus (baby Dionysos and Spes), adult and baby, male and female. References Department of Greek and Roman Art. n. d. Roman Copies of Greek Statues. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. Retrieved January 15, 2009 from http//www. metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rogr/hd_rogr. htm. Hemingway, Colette. (July 2007). Retrospective Styles in Greek and Roman Sculpture. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. Retrieved January 15, 2009 from http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/grsc/hd_grsc. htm. Hermes with the Infant Dionysus. n. d. The Museum of Antiquities Collection. Retrieved January 15, 2009 from http//www. usask. ca/antiquities/Collection/Hermes. html. Praxiteles. (2008). PEOPLE Ancient Greece. Retrieved January 15, 2009 fromhttp//www. ancientgreece. com/s/People/Praxiteles/. Vincenzo Pacetti The Hope Dionysos-1990. 247. (October 2006). In He ilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. Retrieved January 15, 2009 from http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/grsc/ho_1990. 247. htm . List of Figures Hermes and the infant Dionysus. n. d. Greek Art Hermes and Dionysus of Praxiteles. Retrieved January 15, 2009 from http//www. mlahanas. de/Greeks/Arts/HermesPraxiteles. htm. The Hope Dionysos. (October 2006). Vincenzo Pacetti The Ho

International Game Technology IGT Essay Example for Free

International Game applied science IGT experimentInternational Game Technology (IGT)Introduction The short term and long-term debt for International Game Technology as at 31st March 2014 stand at $ 1,426,400 and $ 1,760,500 respectively. The total liabilities for the company sum up to 3,186,900. This information is generated from the company quarterly report. The market value of equity of IGT is $ 3.98B and the dramatic share is $ 24M. The debt balance helps a company compare its total debt to total liability and equity. This ratio is used by the company to postulate the general notion as to the value of leverage being applied by a company. A lower value implies that the business is slight reliable on borrowed funds. The less the ratio or leverage the business is applying, the stronger is the equity position of the company (Tamari, 1978). On the another(prenominal) hand, the bigger the ratio the higher the take chances the business considered to have invested on. Deb t to equity ratio is less the same as debt ratio. This is another gearing ratio that compares the business liabilities to its outstanding shareholders equity (Tamari, 1978). The same case with debt ratio, a lower value implies that the business is applying less borrowed fund and the better is its equity stand. Therefore, in both case I consider these ratios too Brobdingnagian for the IGT Company. It implies that the company is highly exposed to risk such as creditors lack of confidence with the company and extend in sideline rates. IGT Company should consider behaveing off its debt. It can raise capital for paying debt by issuing more stock. Among the three companies, IGT Company has the highest debt to equity ratio. The company may have opted for this nest in order to benefit from deductible interest tax and build the credit for the business. This approach forget also ensure maintaining completely ownership of the company. The challenges with issuing large amount of sto ck means those shares outstanding of the company become more diluted and the current investors earn smaller ownership fraction with either extra share issued (Wiehle, 2005). On the other hand, Multimedia Games Holdings has the lowest debt to equity ratio. It might have opted for this survival in order to enables it investors raise capital without facing debt. This will allow the company owners to concentrate on making their outputs more profitable instead of paying back to lenders. Multimedia Games Holdings may have also opted for this approach to allow the company owners and investors to create a long-term association throughout the lifetime of the business. gibe to Wiehle (2005), the cash flow for the company will be utilized on investments instead of paying interest and outstanding debts. Moreover, this compare can be termed as a small company if you compare it with the other two companies hence, it might have opted for this method for the fear that it will face liquidity is sues and fail to pay its outstanding debts (Wiehle, 2005).ReferencesTamari, M. (1978). Financial ratios analysis and prediction. London P. Elek.Wiehle, U. (2005). 100 IFRS financial ratios (1. ed.). Wiesbaden Cometis AG.Source document

Controlling Police Through Litigation Essay Example for Free

Controlling law of nature Through Litigation EssayPolice departments draft and implement policies and procedures to provide consistency and eliminate equivocalness in department practices. These argon guidelines are for staff and officers to follow in a variety of different situations. Police policies and procedures may have the force of law, or be considered by a court or jury in determining whether an officer acted lawfully in the line of duty. Procedures related to employee deeds can excessively be subject to legal scrutiny in some cases. A lack of policies on issues involving the residential district may result in unlawful and inconsistent police action. These adverse actions can create a negative reaction within the community, and open the police officers within the department to legal liability. Michael Lyman quoted Section 1983, all person under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage of any state or territory, subjects, or ca revelments to b e subjected, any citizen of the United States or any some other person within the jurisdiction hence to the depravation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable(predicate) to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress. (pg. 270)Basically, this means that police officers are prohibited from violating any persons civil rights. Section 1983 is a tool for a citizen to use to sue a nonher for a violation of civil rights. Some elements must be met in ordain to be subject to liability through Section 1983. First, he call into questionable liability or lawbreaker of Section 1983 must be a person. A police department, state agency, or other legal entity, cannot be subject to liability under the statute. Second, the liable person must have been playing under the color of authority when the accused violation took place. A police officer who unlawfully get the better of a suspect in t he commission of an arrest would be performing under the color of law. Finally, the accuser does not have to prove that the person intended to deprive him/her of their Constitutional rights, but only that there was a deprivation.For example, a subject who was throwen by a police officer can sue that officer for excessive force, without proving it was the officers intention to violate his rights, but only that the officer intended to beat him. In some cases an officers supervisor can be held liable because he/she is creditworthy for the negligence of that officer. This is known as vicarious liability, or imputed negligence (freedictionary.com). For example, a gang member who shoots and kills some other person during a hold-up is responsible for the murder, but other gang members may be held vicariously liable for the same murder. There are several different types of defense for civil suits, and also persons who are tolerant to the liability in question. There are three types of im munity, they are imperative immunity, quasi-judicial immunity, and qualified immunity.Michael Lyman lists judges, prosecutors, and legislators, as those who enjoy absolute immunity during civil liability suits (Lyman pg. 272). Lyman also reminds us that police officers and witnesses can obtain absolute immunity while testifying during a criminal trial, but if found providing false testimony, may be supercharged with perjury. Persons within a department, performing his/her duties as assigned, during the alleged time of a Section 1983 violation, and not voluminous in the violation, obtain quasi-judicial immunity.Quasi-judicial immunity is provided to prosecutors who are actively involved in the trial of a person. satisfactory immunity is provided to federal law enforcement officials who are accused of violating laws that have not been clearly established. If a question of liability arises, but a federal law enforcement official is later found to be acting in an objectively reasona ble manner he/she obtains qualified immunity (Lyman pg 273).ReferencesVicarious Liability. (n.d.) Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. (2008). Retrieved September 30 2012 from http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Vicarious+liability Lyman, Michael D (2010). The Police An Introduction. New Jersey learner Hall.

Natural Disaster Essay Example for Free

Natural adventure EssayAbstractThe December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, triggered by a massive earth flutter get through the coast of Sumatra, is the deadliest vivid mishap always of this kind. Aside from a massive number of casualties, this tsunami caused heavy scotch damage and severe destruction to the natural surroundings of stricken countries. Given the significant destruction and suffering, it resulted in massive international support through financial and humanitarian aid. The purpose of this paper is to regorge up an depth psychology and a fall in understanding of the causes, the blows and actions that could have been taken to limit the damage. IntroductionThe December 26 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ranks among the ten deadliest natural disasters ever recorded thus far with a death bell shape over 225 000 and thousands of individuals missing. The astronomic tsunami waves were generated by a massive earthquake off the northwestern United States coast of Sumat ra Island in Indonesia (Rossetto 2007). Tsunami waves spread across the Indian Ocean, damaging the shores of countries near and far from the epicentre (Rossetto 2007). It produced considerable damage and its impact went beyond the toll of human casualties. It had widespread stintingal, environ noetic and psychological impacts. Among the worst take a crap regions were the countries in and more or less the eastern Indian Ocean. Such natural disaster causes tre handsdous human suffering and immediately solicited responses oecumenical with significant financial support and humanitarian aid.Sequences of Events (Earthquake Tsunami)The 9.0 magnitude earthquake of 26 December 2004 that occurred off the northwest coast of Sumatra in Indonesia was the third largest earthquake ever recorded. With an epicenter located near the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the quake was generated as a result of the sliding of a portion of the India shell beneath the Burma plate (Risk anxiety Solution, 200 6). The result was a rupture rupture, displacing the seafloor (Figure 1) and a large volume of the ocean, triggering devastating waves that hit the coastline of 11 Indian Ocean countries (Bilham 2005). The tsunami waves travelled across the Indian Ocean with an average velocity of 640 km/h (Rossetto 2007).However, tsunami waves angle to behave differently in deep water than in change water (Rossetto 2007). Once the tsunami reaches shallow water on the coastline, the wave velocity decreases while its amplitude increases significantly from the mass amount of dynamism built by the wave, causing even more destructive waves and substantial inland inundation (Rossetto 2007). In Aceh, north of the island of Sumatra, wave height reached 24 meters once it hit the shores and rose up to 30 meters inland, with a maximum wave height recorded to be 60 meters (Paris 2007).Being the landmass closest to the epicenter of the earthquake, Aceh province was the hardest hit area from the eastward-mo ving tsunami followed by Sri Lanka because of non-existing landmass between it and the epicenter of the quake to protect the coastlines (Athykorala 2005). The fault rupture of the earthquake was in a north-south orientation, which meant that the strength of the tsunami was greatest in east-west direction (Athykorala 2005). Hence, despite be located near the epicenter, some regions escaped the worst from the tsunami assumption their position relative to the fault rupture.With this said, Somalia was hit harder than Bangladesh despite being farther away from the epicenter (Athykorala 2005). Depending on the distances involved, the tsunami could propagate up to hours sooner arriver some coastlines. Aceh, Nicobar and Andaman were among the first regions to feel the effect of the tsunami, eventually hitting coastal regions of Thailand, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania (Figure 2). At last, its effects were alike detected along the west coast of no.th a nd South America, which includes Vancouver and British Columbia.CausesA tsunami is produced by a sudden vertical shift of the seafloor causing a displacement of a massive volume of water, normally an ocean. Depending on the size of the sea floor displacement, it impart have a different impact on wave formation from the surface water. These displacements can be a result of underwater disturbances much(prenominal) as earthquake, volcanic eruption, meteorite impact and landslide (National Geographic). As for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake triggered it and caused an estimated 1600 km of fault line slipped about 15 meters along the zone where the Indian plate subducts beneath the Burma plate (Rossetto 2007). As the northern rupture continued, it transformed from a subduction (Figure 3) to a strike-slip fault two plates slide modernise one another in opposite direction. With this said, displacement caused by this earthquake generated a tsunami that ranks amon g the deadliest natural disasters ever occurred.ImpactsBeyond the heavy toll of human lives, the Indian Ocean Tsunami has caused severe economicalal, environmental and psychological consequences, which will affect the regions for upcoming years. With 174 500 casualties, 51 000 missing and roughly 1.5 million displaced, the toll of human casualties from this tsunami has no modern historical equal (Risk Management Solution 2006). Among the countries hit by the tsunami, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and India were go forth(a) with the most thoughtful damage and death tolls. The aftermath of the tsunami was even worse than anticipated with deaths recorded as far as 8000 km away from the epicenter, along the east coast of Africa.Thousands of individuals were carried away by the waves into the open sea and the ones who survived were left with no food or clean water and open wounds (National Geographic 2005). Given a gritty risk of famine and epidemic diseases, the level of death inc reased significantly (National Geographic 2005). With this said, given the design of the disaster, it instantly spurred international support and assistance through financial and humanitarian aid for the people abnormal by the tsunami (National Geographic 2005) A humanitarian campaign was quickly put in place to provide temporary sanitation facilities, nutrition and fresh water to contain the spread of diseases (National Geographic 2005).The main economic impacts of the Indian Ocean Tsunami were the damage inflicted to the fishing and tourism industry. As a result of the tsunami, marine fishery and aquaculture harvests of affected nations were severely depressed (UKabc 2006). This was in part due to omit of fishing stocks, but in like manner damage to necessary equipment such as fishing boats and gear (UKabc 2006). As a major economic activity and a provider of foreign exchange income, fishing also provided employment to a large span of individuals. This disaster lead to high income loss for coastal fishing communities that relied heavily on fishing seasons as their primary source of income.In addition, water surges and flooding (Figure 4) destroyed many important buildings and properties along the coasted cities that were affected, including touristic resorts (Risk Management Solution 2006). Although, most tourist infrastructures remained intact hobby the tsunami, tourism industry faced legion(predicate) cancellations (Rossetto 2007). Thus, the loss suffered by the fishing and tourism sector will have long-lasting economic consequences for these coastal regions.The tsunami impacts on the environment were both widespread and destructive (Figure 5). The main effect on the natural environment includes critical damage inflicted on the ecosystems from the salt-contamination of freshwater supplies and soil (Athykorala 2005). Seawater contaminated well ups and invaded porous rocks on which stricken communities depended for water (Rossetto 2007). Hence, unle ss seawater can easily be pumped out, these communities were likely to depend on outside aid for water and food for upcoming months. In addition, an increased salt concentration in the soil will have a damaging effect on plants causing them to wilt and flunk (Athykorala 2005). As a result, some plantation sites were completely destroyed and would take several years before full recovery.This tsunami can have an immediate devastating impact on the psychological and brotherly well being of individuals exposed to it. Such disaster results in tremendous destruction, but also creates concern for mental health of the survivors. There was great concern over the youngsters because children and adolescents are considered to be more vulnerable than adults to such traumatic events (Bhushan 2007). Within the first 6 months following it, 23-30% of children were diagnosed with full and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress dis articulates (Bhushan 2007). This can clog with their psycholo gical functioning, which is critical for their future development.ActionsAlthough the tsunami could not be prevented, its impact could have been mitigated. Unlike earthquakes, tsunamis can be detected in advance from a Tsunami prototype System that uses a network of ocean-floor and surface sensors (Sausmarez 2005). However, such detering system did not exist in the Indian Ocean back in 2004, which left individuals of affected nations completely surprised by the tsunami (Sausmarez 2005). No effective communication infrastructure was available to warn population on the coastlines.Following this natural disaster, an important issue arises about the populations didactics of warning signs and precautions that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of death during a tsunami. For instance, if individuals had a better understanding of tsunamis, it could have saved thousands of lives. For example, they should be able to recognize that a receding sea is an feature of impending danger (Athy korala 2005). With this said, improving public awareness could be beneficial in that it prepares them to react wherefore to protect their lives and lives of others.At a United Nations conference in 2005, an agreement was made upon establishing a Tsunami Warning System in the Indian Ocean (Sausmarez 2005). This system of warnings has been active since 2006 (Unescopress 2006).ConclusionThe 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ranks as the most devastating tsunami ever with over 225 000 deaths. Concerns resulting from this tsunami include damage inflicted on the natural environment, vegetation, buildings and other man-made structures, but more importantly on life. Although this event caused large economic and social consequences, it led to inevitable improvement and development of measures to reduce risk of life and economic losses.For instance, in order to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and properties on exposed coastlines, a warning system has been implemented in the Ind ian Ocean and will lead to improved communication in such situation. In addition, a lack of knowledge, preparedness and mitigation strategies also justifies the significant death tolls. Thus, program of mitigation and preparedness should be put into place in order to educate individuals to better cope when facing such a disaster. Finally, given that this tsunami has a return period of longer than 500 years it is unlikely that a natural disaster of this magnitude will occur in the near future. Nevertheless, if it were to happen, these nations have the necessary protective measures to cope.BibliographyTop of reachBottom of patternAthykorala, P., Resosudarmo, B. (December 01, 2005). The Indian Ocean Tsunami Economic Impact, Disaster Management, and Lessons. Asian Economic Papers, 4, 1, 1-39.Top of FormRossetto, T., Peiris, N., Pomonis, A., Wilkinson, S., Re, D., Koo, R., Gallocher, S. (January 01, 2007). The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004 observations in Sri Lanka and Th ailand. Natural Hazards, 42, 1, 105-124.Top of FormNirupama, N. (January 01, 2009). Socio-economic implications based on interviews with fishermen following the Indian Ocean tsunami. Natural Hazards, 48, 1, 1-9.De Sausmarez, N. (January 01, 2005). The Indian Ocean Tsunami. Tourism and Hospitality Planning Development, 2, 1, 55-59.Paris, R., Lavigne F., Wassimer P. Sartohadi J. (2007). coastal deposit associated with the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga, west Banda Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia). Marine Geology 238 (1-4) 93-106Bilham, Roger. A Flying Start, Then a Slow Slip. Science. Vol 308, No. 5725, 1126-1127. May 20, 2005.Top of FormBhushan, B., Kumar, J. S. (May 01, 2007). Emotional Distress and Posttraumatic Stress in Children Surviving the 2004 Tsunami. Journal of damageand Trauma, 12, 3, 245-257. Bottom of FormUKabc. (2006). Indian Ocean Tsunamis Devastate Fisherfolk. UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. Retrived November 1, 2001, from http//www.ukabc.org/tsunamis.htm Risk Management Solution. (2006). Managing Tsunami Risk in the Aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake Tsunami. Retrived November 1, 2011, from http//www.disastersrus.org/emtools/tsunami/IndianOceanTsunamiReport.pdfNational Geographic. (January 07, 2005). The Deadliest Tsunami in History? National Geographic News. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from http// countersign.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1227_041226_tsunami.htmlUnescopress. (2006). Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning system up and running. Building peace in the minds of men and women. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from http//portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=33442URL_DO=DO_TOPICURL_SECTION=201.htmlNational Geographic. (n.d). Tsunamis. National Geographic News. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http//environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/tsunami-profile/USGC. (n.d). Magnitude 9.1 Off the West Coast of Yankee Sumatra. Science for a changing world. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http//neic.usgs .gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_l.htmlNational Geographic. (n.d) Tsunami. National Geographic New. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http//environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/photos/tsunami-general//tsunami01-coastal-flooding_21847_600x450.jpgUSGS. (n.d). Details of Tsunami Generation. Pacific Coastal Marine ScienceCenter. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http//walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatraEQ/model.html